1. Christian Crusaders march around Jerusalem as Muslims watch from within the city.on July 8 1099
2. The first French settlement at Quebec is established by Samuel de Champlain.on July 8 1608
3. The British crown grants Rhode Island a charter guaranteeing freedom of worship.on July 8 1663
4. The Austrians take Budapest from the Turks and annex Hungary.on July 8 1686
5. Peter the Great defeats Charles XII at Poltava, in the Ukraine, effectively ending the Swedish empire.on July 8 1709
6. Britain breaks off diplomatic relations with France as their disputes in the New World intensify.on July 8 1755
7. The British attack on Fort Carillon at Ticonderoga, New York, is foiled by the French.on July 8 1758
8. French troops capture Brussels, Belgium.on July 8 1794
9. With Napoleon defeated, Louis XVIII returns to Paris.on July 8 1815
10. 29-year old poet Percy Bysshe Shelley drowns while sailing in Italy.on July 8 1822
11. The Truce at Villafranca Austria cedes Lombardy to France.on July 8 1859
12. Demoralized by the surrender of Vicksburg, Confederates in Port Hudson, Louisiana, surrender to Union forces.on July 8 1863
13. Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston retreats into Atlanta to prevent being flanked by Union General William T. Sherman.on July 8 1864
14. Four of the conspirators in President Abraham Lincoln‘s assassination are hanged in Washington, D.C.on July 8 1865
15. The first ship to use electric lights departs from San Francisco, California.on July 8 1879
16. The mutinous crew of the battleship Potemkin surrenders to Rumanian authorities.on July 8 1905
17. Ernest Hemingway is wounded in Italy while working as an ambulance driver for the American Red Cross.on July 8 1918
18. 20 B-17s fly in their first mission with the Royal Air Force over Wilhelmshaven, Germany.on July 8 1941
19. American B-24 bombers strike Japanese-held Wake Island for the first time.on July 8 1943
20. The Soviet Union charges American pilot Francis Gary Powers with espionage.on July 8 1960
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